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Antigen competition: a paradox.

R H Waterston

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 4, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Antigen competition impairs antibody responses in vivo but not in vitro. This immune phenomenon is caused by a humoral factor, likely antibody, present in the animal.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cellular immunology
    • Humoral immunity

    Background:

    • Antigen competition is an immunological phenomenon where prior exposure to one antigen reduces the antibody response to a subsequent antigen.
    • The exact mechanisms underlying antigen competition, particularly the discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro responses, remain incompletely understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanisms behind antigen competition, specifically the paradoxical augmentation of antibody response in vitro despite in vivo impairment.
    • To determine whether antigen competition involves cellular competition or other factors.

    Main Methods:

    • Mice were immunized with pig erythrocytes, followed by immunization with sheep erythrocytes.
    • Spleen cells were isolated and restimulated in vitro with sheep erythrocytes.

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  • Cell transfer experiments were conducted to identify the mediating factors of antigen competition.

    • Main Results:

    • In vivo immunization with pig erythrocytes suppressed the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (antigen competition).
    • Spleen cells from these mice showed an augmented antibody response to sheep erythrocytes when cultured in vitro.
    • Cell transfer experiments indicated that a humoral factor, presumed to be antibody, present in vivo but removed during cell preparation, mediates antigen competition.

    Conclusions:

    • Antigen competition is not caused by competition for antigen-reactive cells.
    • A humoral factor, likely antibody, present in the animal's circulation, is responsible for the in vivo suppression observed in antigen competition.
    • Elimination of this humoral factor during in vitro culture preparation leads to the augmented response, resolving the paradox.