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Benzene hexachloride poisoning in cattle.

A C Ray, J D Norris, J C Reagor

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |June 15, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A plant-use benzene hexachloride (BHC) dip, at a normally safe concentration for cattle, caused fatal poisoning in 18 of 174 animals due to an unstable emulsion.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Toxicology
    • Agricultural Chemistry

    Background:

    • Benzene hexachloride (BHC) is commonly used in agriculture.
    • A specific BHC preparation, labeled for plant use, was applied to cattle.
    • The active ingredient concentration was 0.14% gamma isomer of BHC.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the cause of fatal poisoning in cattle after dipping.
    • To analyze the BHC concentration in the dip and affected tissues.
    • To examine the physical properties of the BHC preparation.

    Main Methods:

    • 174 cattle were dipped in an emulsified BHC preparation.
    • Chemical analysis of the used dip and tissue samples (liver, kidney, hairskin) from a fatally affected cow.
    • Microscopic examination of the dip emulsion.

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    Main Results:

    • 18 out of 174 cattle died after dipping.
    • The used dip contained 0.08% gamma BHC.
    • Tissue analysis revealed BHC levels of 0.5 ppm (liver), 7.9 ppm (kidney), and 198 ppm (hairskin).
    • Microscopy showed emulsion droplets ranging from 5 to 60 µm.

    Conclusions:

    • The fatal poisoning in cattle was linked to the emulsified BHC preparation.
    • An unstable emulsion may have led to increased BHC absorption or toxicity.
    • Further investigation into emulsion stability and formulation is warranted for animal-use products.