Bilirubin metabolism in the fetus

Bilirubin metabolism was studied in dog and monkey fetuses. Bilirubin-(3)H was administered to fetal animals in utero by prolonged intravenous infusion. Fetal plasma disappearance, hepatic uptake, biliary excretion, and placental transfer of bilirubin-(3)H were measured.Bilirubin metabolism and excretion in the fetus was much less efficient than in the adult. Fetal plasma levels of tritium were elevated for prolonged periods, and the combined rate of placental and fetal hepatic excretion was lower than normal values for adult hepatic excretion. Species differences were noted. Hepatic conjugation and excretion appeared to be the primary mechanism of fetal metabolism in the dog. In contrast, the amounts of conjugated bilirubin-(3)H excreted in fetal monkey bile were negligible. Small amounts of (3)H-labeled bilirubin derivatives were excreted in fetal bile, but 10 times as much of the administered material was transferred intact across the placenta and excreted by the maternal liver. The relationship of this functional difference to known anatomic and biochemical species differences is discussed. Preliminary observations on alternate routes of fetal bilirubin metabolism were obtained.