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Related Experiment Videos

Conditioned nalorphine-induced abstinence changes: persistence in post morphine-dependent monkeys.

S R Goldberg, C R Schuster

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |July 1, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary

    Morphine-dependent monkeys developed conditioned responses to a red light, including lever-press suppression and physiological changes. These responses persisted during abstinence but could be reinstated with nalorphine.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Behavioral Pharmacology
    • Addiction Research

    Background:

    • Morphine dependence in rhesus monkeys can be modeled to study withdrawal.
    • Nalorphine, a morphine antagonist, reliably induces an abstinence syndrome.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the development and persistence of conditioned responses to a neutral stimulus paired with nalorphine-induced abstinence.
    • To examine the role of nalorphine in maintaining conditioned responses during morphine abstinence.

    Main Methods:

    • Morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys underwent conditioning with a red light preceding nalorphine injections.
    • Conditioned responses included lever-press suppression, heart rate decrease, vomiting, and salivation.
    • Monkeys were tested for conditioned response persistence during abstinence and after extinction trials.

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    Main Results:

    • Conditioned suppression of lever pressing and physiological changes (heart rate decrease) occurred after red light-nalorphine pairings.
    • These conditioned responses persisted for 120 days of morphine abstinence.
    • Responses were extinguished with saline injections but rapidly reinstated by nalorphine.

    Conclusions:

    • A neutral stimulus (red light) can acquire the capacity to elicit conditioned abstinence-like responses.
    • These conditioned responses demonstrate long-term persistence during abstinence and are sensitive to re-exposure to the antagonist.
    • This study highlights the powerful associative learning involved in drug dependence and withdrawal.