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Antigenic variation in group A streptococci: types 11 and 9.

S A Larsen, M D Moody, R R Facklam

    Applied Microbiology
    |July 1, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel group A Streptococcus strain, Boston 11, was identified as virulent and M-nontypable. This strain showed unusual serological reactions, indicating distinct but relatedness to M-11 and M-9 types.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Immunology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections pose significant public health challenges.
    • M protein typing is crucial for GAS strain characterization and epidemiological surveillance.
    • M-nontypable strains can evade standard typing methods and complicate outbreak investigations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize a virulent, M-nontypable group A Streptococcus strain (Boston 11) isolated during a hospital nursery epidemic.
    • To investigate the serological relationship of the Boston 11 strain with known M-types, specifically M-11 and M-9.
    • To evaluate the antigenic composition and potential cross-reactivity of the Boston 11 strain.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and identification of group A Streptococcus.
    • T-agglutination tests for serotyping.
    • Production of specific antisera against the Boston 11 strain.
    • Precipitin tests and immunodiffusion studies for antigenic analysis.
    • Comparison with reference strains (Lancefield's M-11 and Alabama 11).

    Main Results:

    • A virulent, M-nontypable GAS strain (Boston 11) was identified.
    • Boston 11 exhibited unusual T-agglutination reactions with antisera for types 9 and 11.
    • Serological analyses revealed three distinct but related strains within the '11' type.
    • Immunodiffusion showed partial identity between Boston 11 and M-11/M-9 antigens, and shared antigens with Alabama 11.
    • Boston 11 antiserum showed cross-reactivity but lacked significant bactericidal activity against related strains.

    Conclusions:

    • The Boston 11 strain represents a distinct serological variant within group A Streptococcus.
    • Its unique antigenic profile highlights the complexity of GAS typing and potential for cross-reactivity.
    • Further investigation is needed to understand the epidemiological significance and virulence factors of M-nontypable GAS strains.

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