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Carbonic anhydrase interaction with DDT, DDE, and dieldrin.

Y Pocker, W M Beug, V R Ainardi

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 24, 1971
    PubMed
    Summary

    Insecticides like DDT do not inhibit carbonic anhydrase activity directly. Instead, high concentrations form precipitates that physically block the enzyme, impacting its catalytic efficiency.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Enzymology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Carbonic anhydrases are crucial enzymes involved in various physiological processes.
    • Concerns exist regarding the potential inhibitory effects of environmental pollutants like DDT on enzyme function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the direct inhibitory effects of DDT, DDE, and dieldrin on carbonic anhydrase catalytic activity.
    • To elucidate the mechanism behind the observed impairment of enzyme efficiency in the presence of these insecticides.

    Main Methods:

    • Enzyme assays were conducted using various carbonic anhydrase isozymes.
    • Insecticides (DDT, DDE, dieldrin) were introduced at concentrations exceeding their solubility limits.
    • Microscopy and solution turbidity were used to assess precipitate formation and enzyme occlusion.

    Main Results:

    • The active sites of carbonic anhydrases were not directly blocked by DDT, DDE, or dieldrin.
    • Impaired catalytic efficiency was observed only in solutions with insecticide concentrations exceeding solubility.
    • Precipitate formation physically occluded enzyme molecules, leading to reduced activity.

    Conclusions:

    • The apparent inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by DDT, DDE, and dieldrin is a physical phenomenon, not direct active site binding.
    • Enzyme occlusion by insecticide precipitates explains the observed reduction in catalytic efficiency.
    • The extent of occlusion is influenced by the specific carbonic anhydrase isozyme's structural characteristics.

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