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Micro complement fixation assay for type-specific group A streptococcal antibody.

M K Wittner, E N Fox

    Infection and Immunity
    |October 1, 1971
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new micro complement fixation assay accurately measures type-specific antibodies against M proteins in streptococci. This method shows promise as a reliable alternative to traditional bactericidal assays for assessing immunity.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Microbiology
    • Serology

    Background:

    • Group A streptococcal infections remain a significant public health concern.
    • Accurate measurement of type-specific antibodies is crucial for understanding immunity and vaccine development.
    • Existing serological assays for anti-M antibodies have limitations, including cross-reactivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a micro complement fixation assay for measuring type-specific anti-M antibodies.
    • To compare the performance of the micro complement fixation assay with the Lancefield bactericidal assay and passive hemagglutination.
    • To evaluate the potential of the micro complement fixation assay as a substitute for the bactericidal test.

    Main Methods:

    • A micro complement fixation assay was developed using sera from hyperimmunized rabbits and humans.

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  • Sera were tested against homologous M proteins (serotypes 1, 3, 6, 12, 14).
  • Complement fixation results were compared with those from Lancefield bactericidal and passive hemagglutination assays.
  • Serological activity was analyzed using Sephadex G-200 gel filtration to isolate 7S globulin fractions.

    • Main Results:

    • The micro complement fixation assay demonstrated high type-specificity, fixing complement only with homologous M proteins.
    • Results from the complement fixation assay closely correlated with the Lancefield bactericidal assay.
    • The assay did not exhibit the cross-reactions often observed with passive hemagglutination.
    • The serological activity was localized to the 7S globulin fraction.

    Conclusions:

    • The micro complement fixation assay is a specific and reliable method for quantifying type-specific anti-M antibodies.
    • This assay offers a promising alternative to the bactericidal test for assessing immunity to group A streptococci.
    • Further evaluation of this micro complement fixation assay is warranted for clinical and research applications.