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Related Experiment Videos

Monozygotic twinning and structural defects.

A A Schinzel, D W Smith, J R Miller

    The Journal of Pediatrics
    |December 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Monozygotic (MZ) twins show more structural defects than dizygotic (DZ) twins or singletons. These defects stem from twinning, vascular issues, or late-gestation crowding, offering insights into malformation complexes.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Twin Studies
    • Medical Genetics

    Background:

    • Monozygotic (MZ) twins exhibit a higher incidence of structural defects compared to dizygotic (DZ) twins and singletons.
    • These defects are categorized into those inherent to MZ twinning, secondary to vascular interactions, and those from intrauterine crowding.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the types and origins of structural defects observed in monozygotic twins.
    • To elucidate the relationship between MZ twinning and early embryonic malformations.
    • To utilize MZ twins as a model for understanding the spectrum of malformation complexes.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of defect incidence in MZ twins versus DZ twins and singletons.
    • Classification of defects based on their proposed etiology (twinning-related, vascular, crowding).

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  • Examination of discordant and concordant MZ twins for syndromic malformations.

    • Main Results:

    • MZ twins show increased rates of conjoined twins, amorphous twins, and early embryonic malformations (e.g., sirenomelia, holoprosencephaly, anencephaly).
    • Vascular interchanges between MZ twins can lead to acardiac twins or embolization-related defects (e.g., microcephaly, limb amputation) in the survivor.
    • Deformations due to crowding are similar in MZ and DZ twins.

    Conclusions:

    • MZ twinning is associated with a spectrum of structural defects, including early malformation complexes.
    • Vascular anastomoses and subsequent disruptions are a significant source of secondary defects in MZ twins.
    • MZ twins serve as a valuable model for studying the etiology and phenotypic variability of congenital anomalies.