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"Alpha-pattern coma" in high voltage electrical injury.

A B Grindal, C Suter

    Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
    |May 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    High voltage electrical injury can cause reversible coma with a unique EEG pattern, termed "alpha-pattern coma." This pattern, characterized by unresponsive alpha frequencies, suggests diffuse cerebral damage in survivors.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Neurophysiology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Electrical injuries, particularly high voltage, pose significant risks to neurological function.
    • Electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for assessing brain activity and diagnosing neurological conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report and characterize a specific EEG pattern observed in patients with reversible deep coma following high voltage electrical injury.
    • To introduce and define the term "alpha-pattern coma".

    Main Methods:

    • Case report of two patients with high voltage electrical injury and subsequent coma.
    • Detailed analysis of EEG findings, including frequency distribution and response to stimulation.
    • Review of existing literature on EEG patterns in electrical brain injury.

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    Main Results:

    • Two cases presented with reversible deep coma associated with diffuse, unresponsive alpha frequencies on EEG.
    • This EEG pattern, termed "alpha-pattern coma," differs from normal awake alpha rhythm.
    • Recovery stages showed transient theta and delta activity, followed by responsive low-voltage alpha rhythm.

    Conclusions:

    • Alpha-pattern coma in electrical injury survivors indicates diffuse cerebral damage.
    • Early EEG monitoring in comatose patients surviving electrical injury may reveal this pattern more frequently.
    • This finding aids in understanding the neurophysiological impact of severe electrical trauma.