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Cochlear inner and outer hair cells: functional differences.

P Dallos, M C Billone, J D Durrant

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 28, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study investigated the cochlear microphonic response in guinea pigs after kanamycin treatment. Outer hair cells are crucial for generating the cochlear microphonic potential, which is proportional to basilar membrane displacement.

    Area of Science:

    • Otoacoustic Emissions and Auditory Neuroscience
    • Cellular Electrophysiology in Hearing

    Background:

    • The cochlear microphonic (CM) potential is an electrophysiological response reflecting the activity of cochlear hair cells.
    • Ototoxic drugs like kanamycin can selectively damage cochlear structures, particularly outer hair cells.
    • Understanding the cellular origins of the CM is vital for diagnosing hearing loss.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To differentiate the contributions of inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) to the cochlear microphonic potential.
    • To investigate the relationship between basilar membrane (BM) mechanics and CM generation.
    • To assess the impact of OHC damage on CM characteristics.

    Main Methods:

    • Differential electrode recordings of CM potentials from the first and third cochlear turns in guinea pigs.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Administration of the ototoxic drug kanamycin to induce selective OHC damage.
  • Histological examination to verify the extent of OHC and IHC survival.

    • Main Results:

    • Kanamycin treatment resulted in the loss of OHCs in the basal cochlear turns, while IHCs remained intact.
    • CM measurements indicated that IHCs generate potentials proportional to basilar membrane velocity.
    • OHCs generate potentials proportional to basilar membrane displacement, dominating the CM in normal cochleas.

    Conclusions:

    • Outer hair cells play a dominant role in generating the cochlear microphonic potential, reflecting basilar membrane displacement.
    • Inner hair cells contribute to the CM with potentials related to basilar membrane velocity.
    • This study clarifies the cellular sources of the CM, with implications for understanding auditory processing and ototoxicity.