Figure-ground formation by movement: influences and effects

A twelve-letter array was segmented into figure and ground by moving some of its letters. Moved letters were shifted one letter-width left of right, independently of each other, in apparent movement. Since the figure of a display attracts attention, identification of letters of the figure segment should show an advantage over letters of the background segment. Three results are of interest. First, moved letters were identified more accurately and faster than stationary letters when only one or two letters moved. Stationary letters showed the advantage when eight of the twelve letters moved. This result suggests that the segment seen as figure is determined by both rapidly encodable letter movement and by the number of moved letters within the display. Second, segmentation of the visual display acids identification of moved letters in less than 90 ms, or well before the eye can move to the selected letter position. Third, letters in the figure segment which are closer to fixation are more likely to be identified than more eccentric letters.