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Basement membranes: structural and biosynthetic considerations.

N A Kefalides

    The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
    |July 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Basement membranes are insoluble extracellular matrices composed of protein subunits. Newly synthesized basement membrane collagen interacts with matrix glycoproteins to form their final structure.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Extracellular Matrix Research

    Background:

    • Basement membranes are essential extracellular matrices synthesized by various cell types.
    • Mature basement membranes are devoid of lipids and DNA, primarily consisting of protein subunits.
    • These proteins include a procollagen-like molecule and a noncollagenous matrix glycoprotein, with varying proportions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the composition and structure of basement membranes.
    • To investigate the nature of the protein subunits and their interactions.
    • To elucidate the synthesis and assembly of basement membrane collagen.

    Main Methods:

    • Immunochemical studies to identify antigenic components.
    • Analysis of protein subunit composition, including amino acid and carbohydrate content.
    • Investigation of the synthesis and extracellular processing of basement membrane collagen.

    Main Results:

    • Basement membranes are composed of dissimilar protein subunits, including a collagenous moiety and a matrix glycoprotein.
    • The collagen component is rich in hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline, with specific half-cystine and glycosylated hydroxylysine residues.
    • Newly synthesized procollagen interacts with matrix glycoproteins extracellularly, rather than undergoing conversion to collagen.

    Conclusions:

    • Basement membranes are complex, insoluble structures built from specific protein subunits.
    • The unique composition of basement membrane collagen, including extensive glycosylation, is critical for its function.
    • Extracellular interaction between procollagen and matrix glycoproteins is key to basement membrane assembly.

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