Progressive neurological deficits in primary polycythaemia.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Hematology

Background:

• Primary polycythaemia is a rare blood disorder characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells.
• Clinical presentation of primary polycythaemia can be diverse and sometimes non-specific.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the potential for diagnostic confusion between primary polycythaemia and intracerebral neoplasms.
• To present detailed case studies illustrating this diagnostic challenge.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of three patient cases.
• Clinical data analysis including presenting symptoms, diagnostic workup, and final diagnoses.

Main Results:

• All three patients initially presented with neurological symptoms suggestive of an intracerebral neoplasm.
• Diagnostic workup revealed primary polycythaemia as the underlying condition in all cases, not a brain tumor.
• Prompt diagnosis and management of polycythaemia led to resolution of symptoms.

Conclusions:

• Primary polycythaemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with neurological symptoms, especially when imaging is inconclusive.
• Awareness of this potential misdiagnosis can prevent unnecessary invasive procedures and guide appropriate treatment.
• Early hematological evaluation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and patient management.