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Polioencephalomalacia in the dog.

K G Braund, M Vandevelde

    Veterinary Pathology
    |November 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cerebral blood flow disturbances are key in canine polioencephalomalacia, potentially causing neuronal damage and neurological signs like seizures. Canine distemper also leads to specific brain lesions and neurological deficits.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Neurology
    • Pathology
    • Cerebrovascular Diseases

    Background:

    • Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in dogs can stem from various causes, including circulatory disturbances.
    • Understanding the pathogenesis of PEM is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment in canine patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of cerebral blood flow disturbances in the development of polioencephalomalacia in dogs.
    • To correlate specific neuropathological findings with clinical signs in affected dogs.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 25 dogs diagnosed with polioencephalomalacia.
    • Examination of lesion distribution in neocortex, paleocortex, hippocampus, and pyriform cortex.
    • Correlation of neuropathological findings with clinical presentations, including seizures and visual impairment.

    Main Results:

    • Cerebral blood flow disturbances (meningitis, thromboembolic disease, atherosclerosis) were identified as significant factors in PEM pathogenesis.
    • Lesion distribution in dogs with idiopathic PEM suggested neuronal metabolic changes secondary to cerebral anoxia/ischemia.
    • Canine distemper virus infection was associated with bilateral necrosis of the hippocampus and pyriform cortex.

    Conclusions:

    • Disrupted cerebral blood flow is a critical element in canine polioencephalomalacia.
    • Neuropathological findings in PEM are consistent with neuronal injury due to reduced oxygen and blood supply.
    • Canine distemper presents a distinct pattern of brain lesions and associated neurological signs.

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