[Pathogenetic bases of oncologic risk].

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Genetics
• Environmental Health

Context:

• Understanding the multifactorial etiology of malignant tumors is crucial for effective cancer prevention and control.
• Current research highlights the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental exposures in cancer development.
• Identifying individuals at higher risk can facilitate targeted screening and early intervention strategies.

Purpose:

• To review modern concepts on the etiology and pathogenesis of malignant tumors.
• To propose a working scheme for selecting oncological risk groups based on genetic and modifying factors.
• To categorize modifying factors into exogenous and endogenous types and assess their impact duration.

Summary:

• Malignant tumor development involves both genetic and environmental (modifying) factors, with varying contributions across different cancers.
• Modifying factors are classified as exogenous and endogenous, with their duration of effect indicating their manifestation degree.
• A proposed scheme for assessing oncological risk groups is presented, requiring further clinical validation.

Impact:

• Provides a structured approach for identifying and stratifying populations based on cancer risk.
• Facilitates the development of targeted public health interventions and personalized cancer screening programs.
• Contributes to a deeper understanding of tumorigenesis, potentially guiding future research in cancer etiology and prevention.