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Silver polymethyl methacrylate antibacterial bone cement.

J A Spadaro, D A Webster, R O Becker

    Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
    |September 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study developed an improved antibacterial bone cement using silver compounds in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Silver-PMMA composites demonstrated effective broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with minimal tissue reactivity, offering a promising alternative to traditional antibiotic bone cements.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Inorganic Chemistry
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Conventional bone cements often incorporate organic antibiotics, which can lead to antibiotic resistance.
    • There is a need for alternative antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum activity and low potential for resistance.
    • Silver compounds offer inherent antimicrobial properties and have a low risk of inducing allergic reactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an improved antibacterial bone cement by incorporating inorganic silver compounds into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
    • To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial efficacy and in vivo biocompatibility of silver-PMMA composites.
    • To assess the impact of silver compound addition on the mechanical properties of PMMA bone cement.

    Main Methods:

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  • Inorganic silver compounds (AgCl, Ag-AgCl, Ag2O, Ag2SO4, Ag3PO4) were added to PMMA at concentrations of 0.05% to 1% by weight.
  • In vitro antibacterial activity was tested against bacterial cultures.
  • Compressive strength was measured to assess mechanical properties.
  • In vivo biocompatibility was evaluated through rabbit muscle implantation for up to 12 weeks.

    • Main Results:

    • All tested silver-PMMA composites exhibited antibacterial activity.
    • Silver sulfate (Ag2SO4)-PMMA showed particularly strong and sustained antibacterial efficacy, even after 7 weeks of incubation.
    • Compressive strength was unaffected, except for Ag2O which showed a slight decrease.
    • Biocompatibility tests revealed minimal tissue reactivity, comparable to plain PMMA.

    Conclusions:

    • Silver-PMMA composites are effective antibacterial bone cements with broad-spectrum activity.
    • Silver sulfate-PMMA demonstrates superior and long-lasting antibacterial properties.
    • The developed silver-PMMA exhibits excellent biocompatibility and maintains mechanical integrity, presenting a viable alternative to antibiotic-loaded bone cements.