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Ascorbic acid biosynthesis in the mammalian kidney.

E C Birney, R Jenness, I D Hume

    Experientia
    |November 15, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Egg-laying mammals and bandicoots synthesize L-ascorbic acid in the kidney. Kangaroos primarily synthesize this essential vitamin in the liver, with some kidney synthesis also observed.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Comparative Physiology
    • Mammalian Metabolism

    Background:

    • L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a crucial antioxidant and cofactor.
    • Synthesis pathways for L-ascorbic acid vary across animal taxa.
    • Mammalian L-ascorbic acid synthesis typically occurs in the liver, with exceptions in certain species.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the tissue-specific synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in diverse marsupial and monotreme species.
    • To compare L-ascorbic acid synthesis locations with those in reptiles and other mammals.
    • To understand the evolutionary implications of L-ascorbic acid synthesis pathways in mammals.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of L-ascorbic acid synthesis in kidney and liver tissues.
    • Comparative biochemical studies across different mammalian groups.

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  • Review of existing literature on L-ascorbic acid metabolism.

    • Main Results:

    • Monotremes (egg-laying mammals) exclusively synthesize L-ascorbic acid in the kidney, similar to reptiles.
    • Bandicoots (Marsupialia) exhibit L-ascorbic acid synthesis in both kidney and liver.
    • Kangaroos (Marsupialia) predominantly synthesize L-ascorbic acid in the liver, with some individuals showing kidney synthesis.

    Conclusions:

    • The kidney represents a significant site for L-ascorbic acid synthesis in early mammalian lineages and certain marsupials.
    • Marsupial L-ascorbic acid synthesis demonstrates a divergence, with some species retaining kidney synthesis while others shift to the liver.
    • These findings highlight the evolutionary plasticity of L-ascorbic acid metabolic pathways in mammals.