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Macromolecular, anionic pulmonary permeability factor.

J C Houck, J M Gleisner, C M Chang

    Inflammation
    |September 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers discovered a novel permeability factor in calf lung extracts that increases microcirculation permeability. This factor, isolated from lung lysosomes and macrophages, may play a role in lung defense mechanisms.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Physiology
    • Cell Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • The microcirculation's permeability is crucial for lung function and defense.
    • Lysosomal enzymes and macrophage activity are implicated in inflammatory processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and characterize a novel factor in lung tissue that modulates microvascular permeability.
    • To investigate the origin and potential role of this factor in lung physiology.

    Main Methods:

    • Aqueous extraction of calf lung, muscle, and kidney.
    • Amicon ultrafiltration and isoelectric focusing for purification.
    • Acrylamide gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE for molecular weight and homogeneity assessment.
    • Inhibition studies using pepstatin and antihistamines.

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  • Subcellular fractionation to isolate lysosomal and macrophage components.

    • Main Results:

    • A permeability-enhancing factor was isolated from calf lung, absent in muscle and kidney extracts.
    • The factor was purified to homogeneity with an estimated molecular weight of 82,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of pH 4.2.
    • Activity was inhibited by pepstatin but lacked proteolytic activity.
    • Antihistamines completely blocked the factor's effect.
    • The factor was localized to lung lysosomes and alveolar macrophages.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel, pepstatin-inhibitable permeability factor, likely of lysosomal origin, exists in lung tissue.
    • This factor may release histamine from mast cells, increasing microcirculation permeability.
    • Its presence in macrophages suggests a role in the lung's defense system, particularly during phagocytosis.