An investigation of the bound water in tendon by dielectric measurement

The dielectric constant of natural tendon in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 100 kHz has been determined as a function of temperature (300-450 degrees K) for water concentrations ranging from about 6 to 16% by weight. The results compare well with the approach taken by Haggis and his coworkers. Based on the assumption that at low concentration of water the probability of water-water bonding is small and hence may be disregarded, a structure for water in the collagen matrix is proposed in which the water is either bonded in one of four possible states to the polar groups of the polypeptide chains, or is unbound. In determining the distribution of the water among these states an approach similar to that of Haggis and his co-workers, in conjunction with the order-disorder theory of Bragg and Williams, is used. The number of water molecules per unit volume is then determined experimentally by relating it to weight loss as a function of temperature, as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The dispersion which is normally found in dipolar substances has not been found for tendon. A maximum in the value of the dielectric constant is observed to occur between 25 and 80 degrees C, the temperature depending upon the heating rate.