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Cephapirin: in vitro antibacterial spectrum.

J Axelrod, B R Meyers, S Z Hirschman

    Applied Microbiology
    |November 1, 1971
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cephapirin, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, shows effectiveness against many bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. However, some bacteria like Enterococcus and Serratia are resistant, and resistance can develop in vitro.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Pharmacology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Introduction of cephapirin, a novel semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative.
    • Comparison of cephapirin's antibacterial spectrum with that of cephalothin.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the in vitro antibacterial spectrum of cephapirin.
    • To assess the susceptibility of various bacterial isolates to cephapirin.
    • To investigate factors influencing cephapirin's efficacy, such as inoculum size and serum protein binding.

    Main Methods:

    • Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for a range of bacterial species.
    • Testing the impact of inoculum size on Staphylococcus aureus sensitivity.
    • Evaluation of cephapirin's binding affinity to serum proteins.
    • Monitoring in vitro development of resistance using bacterial isolates.

    Main Results:

    • Cephapirin demonstrated significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus (0.09-12.5 mug/ml) and other Gram-positive cocci (e.g., S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes, D. pneumoniae) at low concentrations (<1 mug/ml).
    • The antibiotic inhibited a majority of tested Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, indole-negative Proteus, and Salmonella strains.
    • High resistance was observed in Serratia, Pseudomonas, indole-positive Proteus, and Erwinia species. Enterococcus species required higher concentrations (25 mug/ml) for inhibition.
    • Inoculum size did not significantly affect S. aureus sensitivity. Cephapirin showed minimal serum protein binding.
    • In vitro development of resistance was observed in two S. aureus isolates.

    Conclusions:

    • Cephapirin possesses a broad spectrum of activity, comparable to cephalothin, effective against many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.
    • Certain bacterial species, including Enterococcus and specific Gram-negative genera, exhibit resistance to cephapirin.
    • The potential for in vitro resistance development warrants further investigation and clinical consideration.

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