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Foetal thyroidectomy and brain development in the sheep.

G H McIntosh, K I Baghurst, B J Potter

    Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
    |September 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thyroidectomy in sheep fetuses late in pregnancy significantly impacted brain development, reducing body and brain weight. This study highlights the critical role of fetal thyroid function in sheep development.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Endocrinology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormones are crucial for fetal development.
    • The onset of thyroid function in sheep occurs around 50-60 days of gestation.
    • The impact of late-gestation thyroidectomy on sheep fetal development requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of surgical thyroidectomy on sheep fetuses late in gestation.
    • To assess the impact on central nervous system development, body weight, and other somatic parameters.
    • To understand the consequences of impaired fetal thyroid function on sheep development.

    Main Methods:

    • Sheep fetuses were surgically thyroidectomized at 50-60 days gestation.
    • Pregnancies were continued until 90, 120, or 150 days (term) for analysis.

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  • Central nervous system components (hemispheres, brain stem, cerebellum, spinal cord) were dissected and analyzed for DNA and protein content.

    • Main Results:

    • Thyroidectomy led to significant reductions in body weight and brain weight, particularly in the cerebral hemispheres.
    • DNA and protein content were reduced in hemispheres and cerebellum, indicating impaired cell proliferation.
    • Somatic changes included reduced wool growth, delayed bone development, decreased heart weight, and increased pituitary weight.

    Conclusions:

    • Fetal thyroidectomy in late-term sheep significantly affects brain development, particularly the cerebral hemispheres.
    • The findings demonstrate the critical role of fetal thyroid hormones in regulating sheep growth and development.
    • Hypothyroidism induced late in gestation has profound and widespread effects on fetal development, leading to non-viability.