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Is there a negative correlation between malignancy and respiratory atopy?

D W Cockcroft, G J Klein, R E Donevan

    Annals of Allergy
    |December 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Individuals with respiratory atopy, such as asthma or hay fever, showed a reduced risk of developing endodermal origin malignancies. This suggests a potential protective effect of respiratory allergies against certain cancers.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Immunology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Respiratory atopy, encompassing conditions like asthma and seasonal hay fever, is a prevalent allergic condition.
    • Malignancies are broadly classified based on their cell of origin, including endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal types.
    • The relationship between allergic conditions and cancer development remains an area of ongoing research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between a history of respiratory atopy and the incidence of malignancies originating from endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal tissues.
    • To determine if respiratory allergies confer any protective effect against specific cancer types.

    Main Methods:

    • A case-control study design was employed.
    • Patient groups included those with endodermal (lung, gut, bladder, prostate), mesodermal (hematological, sarcomas, genitourinary), and ectodermal (skin, breast) malignancies.

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  • A control group of 303 age- and sex-matched individuals without malignancy was included for comparison.

    • Main Results:

    • A significantly lower frequency of respiratory allergy was observed in patients with endodermal malignancies (6.4%) compared to matched controls (13.2%, p < 0.005).
    • No significant differences in respiratory allergy history were found among patients with mesodermal or ectodermal malignancies and their respective controls.
    • The findings suggest a potential protective association between respiratory atopy and endodermal cancers.

    Conclusions:

    • Respiratory atopy may offer a degree of protection against the development of malignancies of endodermal origin.
    • Potential mechanisms include immunologic factors, inherent differences in endodermal cells of atopic individuals, or other undetermined factors.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms linking atopy and cancer risk.