The congenitally methadone-addicted infant

A review of research concerning the effects of methadone on infants born to mothers who received the drug during their pregnancy is presented. The goal was to provide a base for establishing that the infant born of a heroin addicted mother who is in a methadone maintenance program needs the help of health professionals to develop to maximum potential. Factors which should be considered in studying infants born to methadone maintained mothers are delineated. Tools for predicting later development as an area of study are discussed. The sense of inadequacy and low self-esteem of the parents, particularly the mother, is presented as an area in need of study. Theoretical considerations are discussed. The literature review indicates the effect of methadone on the overall development of the infant is debatable. However, evidence is mounting that infants born to heroin-addicted mothers receiving methadone maintenance treatment are high-risk. Consequently, health professionals are alerted to the importance of providing appropriate stimulation during sensitive periods of infant readiness.