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Immunoreactive calcitonin in leukaemia.

C J Hillyard, D G Oscier, R Foa

    British Medical Journal
    |December 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Elevated human calcitonin (HCT) levels in blood and white blood cells are linked to myeloid leukaemias. This finding may help predict relapse in patients with these blood cancers.

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Oncology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Leukaemias and myeloproliferative disorders involve abnormal white blood cell proliferation.
    • Human calcitonin (HCT) is a hormone with potential roles beyond calcium regulation.
    • The role of HCT in myeloid malignancies is not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate plasma and leucocyte concentrations of immunoreactive HCT in patients with various leukaemic and myeloproliferative disorders.
    • To determine if HCT levels correlate with specific types of myeloid leukaemias or disease status.
    • To explore the potential of HCT as a biomarker for myeloid leukaemias.

    Main Methods:

    • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was employed to quantify immunoreactive HCT.
    • Measurements were taken in plasma and leucocytes (including buffy-coat cells and cultured peripheral leucocytes).

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  • Patient cohorts included those with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), other myeloproliferative disorders, and various other leukaemias.

    • Main Results:

    • Significantly elevated plasma immunoreactive HCT concentrations were observed in most patients with CGL (32/33) and AML at presentation or relapse (8/8).
    • Increased plasma immunoreactive HCT was also found in 8 out of 11 patients with other myeloproliferative disorders.
    • Elevated immunoreactive HCT was detected in leucocyte extracts and culture media from patients with CGL.
    • Low or undetectable HCT levels were noted in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and AML in remission.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased plasma and cellular immunoreactive HCT concentrations are associated with abnormal myeloid cell proliferation in leukaemic and myeloproliferative disorders.
    • Elevated HCT may serve as a valuable indicator of disease activity and potentially predict relapse in myeloid leukaemias.
    • Further research into the biological significance of HCT in myeloid leukaemias is warranted.