Psychosexual aspects of the panic-fear personality types in asthma

Numerous earlier studies have demonstrated the close relationship between MMPI Panic-Fear categories and various medical outcome measures in asthma. The present study relates MMPI Panic-Fear categories to psychosexual development. Specifically, High Panic-Fear patients demonstrate oral preoccupations, Low Panic-Fear patients demonstrate anal preoccupations, while Moderate Panic-Fear patients do not demonstrate pre-Oedipal preoccupations. Thus, MMPI Panic-Fear categories, useful in predicting medical outcome measures, have now been related to developmental levels, with the explanatory power of developmental concepts as well as their implications for psychological treatment.