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Staphylococcal epidemiology in Antarctica.

A S Cameron

    The Journal of Hygiene
    |March 1, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Staphylococcal strains showed varied survival in Antarctica; coagulase-negative bacteria thrived in the cold, while coagulase-positive strains struggled on skin but persisted in nasal passages. Dogs carried bacteria without issue.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Epidemiology
    • Environmental Science

    Background:

    • Staphylococcal epidemiology in extreme environments is not well-understood.
    • Antarctic research stations present unique challenges for microbial survival and transmission.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the epidemiology of staphylococcal carriage in humans and dogs at an Antarctic research station.
    • To determine the survival and colonization patterns of different staphylococcal strains in the Antarctic environment.

    Main Methods:

    • Year-long epidemiological study at an Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition station (1965-1966).
    • Monitoring of staphylococcal carriage in men and sledge dogs.
    • Assessment of staphylococcal occurrence in the station environment.

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  • Analysis of strain survival on skin and in nasal passages under cold exposure.

    • Main Results:

    • Coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains survived better in the Antarctic environment than coagulase-positive strains.
    • Coagulase-positive strains could not maintain forearm skin colonization but persisted in nasal passages.
    • Coagulase-negative skin strains thrived during winter; Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus albus persisted in anterior nares.
    • Persistent nasal carriage of S. aureus was common; transfer between humans was infrequent.
    • Half of the sledge dogs carried coagulase-positive staphylococci without apparent pathological significance to handlers.
    • No S. aureus contamination was detected in the local inanimate environment.

    Conclusions:

    • Staphylococcal strain characteristics significantly influence survival and colonization in extreme cold Antarctic conditions.
    • Nasal passages offer a more hospitable micro-climate for staphylococcal persistence than exposed skin.
    • Sledge dogs can be carriers of staphylococci, but pose no apparent health risk to human handlers in this context.
    • The Antarctic station environment showed limited contamination with S. aureus during the study period.