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Hypomagnesaemia in diabetes.

H M Mather, J A Nisbet, G H Burton

    Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
    |July 16, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Diabetic patients show significantly lower plasma magnesium levels compared to controls. This hypomagnesaemia may increase the risk of ischemic heart disease in individuals with diabetes.

    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Biochemistry
    • Endocrinology
    • Cardiovascular Disease

    Background:

    • Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder associated with various complications.
    • Magnesium (Mg) plays a crucial role in numerous physiological processes, including glucose metabolism and cardiovascular health.
    • Alterations in plasma magnesium levels have been observed in various disease states.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate plasma magnesium concentrations in a cohort of diabetic outpatients.
    • To compare magnesium levels between diabetic patients and healthy control subjects.
    • To explore the relationship between plasma magnesium and clinical parameters in diabetes.

    Main Methods:

    • Plasma magnesium concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

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  • A cohort of 582 unselected diabetic outpatients and 140 control subjects were included.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to assess correlations and group differences.
  • Main Results:

    • Mean plasma magnesium was significantly lower in diabetic patients (0.737 +/- 0.071 mmol/l) than in controls (0.810 +/- 0.057 mmol/l).
    • Approximately 25% of diabetic patients exhibited plasma magnesium levels below the range of all control subjects.
    • Plasma magnesium showed a significant inverse correlation with blood glucose concentration (r = -0.32, p < 0.001) and associations with glycosuria, age, sex, and specific diabetes therapies (insulin, biguanides).

    Conclusions:

    • Diabetic patients exhibit significantly lower plasma magnesium levels compared to non-diabetic individuals.
    • Hypomagnesaemia in diabetes is associated with poorer glycemic control and other clinical factors.
    • Low plasma magnesium may be a contributing factor to the increased risk of ischemic heart disease observed in diabetic patients.