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Circulating immune complexes in IgA deficiency.

A O Kwitko, P E McKenzie, D J Shearman

    Clinical and Experimental Immunology
    |October 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency often have circulating immune complexes (IC). These immune complexes may contribute to various clinical conditions, potentially stemming from mucosal immune dysfunction.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Serum IgA deficiency is a common primary immunodeficiency.
    • The role of circulating immune complexes (IC) in IgA deficiency is not fully understood.
    • Mucosal immune dysregulation is implicated in IgA deficiency pathogenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and characteristics of circulating immune complexes (IC) in patients with serum IgA deficiency.
    • To explore the association between IC and clinical manifestations in IgA-deficient individuals.
    • To examine the relationship between IC and anti-IgA antibodies in this patient cohort.

    Main Methods:

    • Solid phase C1q radioimmunoassay was used to detect IgG class IC.
    • Cryoglobulins and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation were employed as additional methods for IC detection.

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  • Serum samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-IgA antibodies.

    • Main Results:

    • Circulating immune complexes (IC) were detected in 16 out of 31 (51.6%) IgA-deficient patients.
    • Cryoglobulins and PEG precipitation confirmed IC in a significant proportion of patients.
    • Seven patients exhibited clinical symptoms potentially related to IC, including glomerulonephritis, polyarthritis, vasculitis, and thyroiditis.
    • Serum anti-IgA antibodies were found in 15 out of 31 (48.4%) patients, but their presence did not directly correlate with IC levels.
    • Anti-IgA antibodies were found within the isolated IC in 8 patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Circulating immune complexes (IC) are frequently present in patients with serum IgA deficiency.
    • These IC may contribute to the pathogenesis of various clinical diseases observed in IgA deficiency.
    • Defective antigen exclusion at the mucosal level is proposed as a significant contributor to the IC burden in IgA deficiency.