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Disseminated gonococcal infection in mice.

L B Corbeil, A C Wunderlich, R R Corbeil

    Infection and Immunity
    |December 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    A mucin-hemoglobin mixture significantly enhances gonococcal bacteremia in mice by impairing neutrophil function and phagocytosis. This model simulates disseminated gonococcal infections in women, highlighting key factors contributing to disease progression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is a serious complication of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection.
    • The role of menstrual factors like mucin and hemoglobin in facilitating DGI is poorly understood.
    • Existing mouse models do not adequately replicate the conditions leading to DGI in women.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a mouse model simulating disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) using mucin and hemoglobin.
    • To investigate the mechanisms by which mucin and hemoglobin promote gonococcal bacteremia.
    • To understand the role of host immune defenses, particularly neutrophils, in M/H-enhanced infection.

    Main Methods:

    • Gonococci were suspended in mucin-hemoglobin (M/H) mixture or broth for intraperitoneal inoculation in mice.

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  • Lethal dose 50% (LD50) was determined for different inocula and suspensions.
  • Systemic clearance, peritoneal sequestration, neutrophil function (in vivo and in vitro), and serum bactericidal activity were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • M/H significantly reduced the LD50 of gonococci compared to broth, indicating increased virulence.
    • Sublethal doses caused peritonitis and transient bacteremia; larger doses led to fatal septicemia.
    • M/H impaired systemic clearance and local peritoneal defenses, notably affecting neutrophil numbers and function.
    • Neutrophil destruction by M/H in vitro and decreased peritoneal neutrophils in vivo were observed; serum bactericidal activity remained unaffected.

    Conclusions:

    • The M/H mixture effectively promotes gonococcal bacteremia by interfering with phagocytosis and intracellular killing, primarily through effects on neutrophils.
    • This model accurately simulates DGI progression from local peritonitis to bacteremia, mirroring human cases associated with pelvic inflammatory disease.
    • Mucin and hemoglobin are identified as critical factors enhancing gonococcal dissemination and infection severity.