Infective diseases in Israel. Changing patterns over 30 years

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Public Health
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Infectious disease patterns in Israel are influenced by geography, climate, socioeconomic factors, and public health actions.
• Tropical and subtropical diseases characterized the epidemiology during the British Mandate period.
• Mass immigration in the 1950s presented significant infectious disease control challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the incidence and control of infectious diseases in Israel over 30 years of statehood.
• To detail the impact of mass immigration on the infectious disease landscape.
• To discuss specific local infectious disease issues of current scientific interest.

Main Methods:

• Historical analysis of infectious disease data.
• Evaluation of public health interventions, including immunization programs and socioeconomic improvements.
• Review of disease control strategies for specific pathogens.

Main Results:

• Diphtheria, poliomyelitis, and whooping cough were rapidly controlled via immunization; measles control was slower.
• Tuberculosis was significantly reduced through BCG vaccination, screening, chemotherapy, and socioeconomic development.
• Diarrheal diseases, though no longer a primary cause of infant mortality, persist in high prevalence.

Conclusions:

• Israel has made substantial progress in controlling major infectious diseases through targeted public health strategies.
• Socioeconomic improvements and widespread immunization have been critical in reducing the burden of diseases like tuberculosis.
• Ongoing challenges include the persistent high prevalence of diarrheal diseases in the general population.