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Interferon: evidence for subunit structure.

W A Carter

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |October 1, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study reveals that both mouse and human interferons exist as dimers composed of smaller subunits. These dimers can dissociate into active subunits, suggesting a dimeric structure for native interferons.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Interferons are crucial proteins in the innate immune system.
    • Previous research indicated the presence of multiple active components in purified interferons.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the molecular composition and structure of purified mouse and human interferons.
    • To determine if interferons exist as single molecules or complexes.

    Main Methods:

    • Purification of mouse and human interferons using techniques like differential precipitation, centrifugation, gel chromatography, and isoelectric focusing.
    • Analysis of molecular forms, molecular weights, and isoelectric points of purified interferons.
    • Investigation of subunit dissociation and potential dimer formation.

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    Main Results:

    • Two distinct molecular forms (A and B) were identified for both mouse and human interferons.
    • Mouse interferon forms: Form B (38,000 MW, pI 7.35) and Form A (19,000 MW, pI 7.15).
    • Human interferon forms: Form B (24,000 MW, pI 5.60) and Form A (12,000 MW, pI 5.35).
    • Form B dissociated into Form A for both species, indicating a dimeric structure.
    • Subunit dissociation was observed during low salt dialysis.
    • Both A and B forms, as well as their subunits, demonstrated equal biological activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Native interferons likely exist as dimers of similar or identical subunits.
    • Dimer formation occurs intracellularly but does not appear to confer a cooperative advantage.
    • The dissociation into subunits does not reduce interferon activity.