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Comparative studies of measles vaccines in a controlled trial in the USSR
Insights
This study compared live measles vaccines in children. Beckenham 20 showed the most reaction, while Milovanović had the least, with varying antibody responses across vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Measles remains a significant global health concern, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
- Investigating live and killed measles vaccines is crucial for optimizing immunization programs.
- Previous studies have explored various measles vaccine formulations with differing reactogenicity and immunogenicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different live measles vaccines.
- To compare the reactogenicity and antibody responses induced by various measles vaccine strains.
- To assess the impact of a combined killed-live measles vaccine regimen on immune response and safety.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 866 children aged 12-54 months in the USSR.
- Administration and monitoring of five live measles vaccines: Beckenham 20, Enders Edmonston B, Milovanović, Schwarz, and Smorodincev.
- Evaluation of a two-dose regimen: Pfizer (killed) followed by Enders Edmonston B or Smorodincev (live).
Main Results:
- Beckenham 20 vaccine induced the highest levels of reaction (pyrexia, rash), while Milovanović showed the least.
- Highest antibody responses were observed with Beckenham 20 and Schwarz vaccines, and with Enders Edmonston vaccine combined with gamma-globulin.
- The combined killed-live vaccine regimen resulted in minimal reactions and a robust antibody response.
Conclusions:
- Different live measles vaccine strains exhibit varying reactogenicity and immunogenicity profiles.
- The choice of measles vaccine can influence the balance between side effects and immune response.
- A sequential killed-live measles vaccine approach appears promising for achieving good immunogenicity with reduced reactions.
Abstract:
This paper describes the results of a study of measles vaccines carried out in the USSR on 866 children aged 12-54 months as part of a WHO-sponsored collaborative programme of investigation on live and killed measles vaccines. The live vaccines studied were Beckenham 20, Enders Edmonston B, Milovanović, Schwarz and Smorodincev. Of these, Beckenham 20 caused the most reaction (as assessed by pyrexia and rash) and Milovanović the least. Antibody responses were highest for Beckenham 20 and Schwarz vaccines and for Enders Edmonston vaccine plus gamma-globulin. A study was also made of the effect of one inoculation of Pfizer (killed) vaccine followed by one of Enders Edmonston B or Smorodincev live vaccine; very few reactions were observed in children vaccinated in this way and the antibody response was good.