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Smallpox eradication in Brazil, 1967-69.

E S de Carvalho Filho, L Morris, A L de Lemos

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The Brazilian smallpox eradication program vaccinated over 75 million people, significantly reducing cases. Smallpox vaccination proved highly effective, with an approximate 94% efficacy rate in controlling outbreaks.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • The Campanha de Erradicacão da Varéola (CEV) was launched in 1966 by the Brazilian Ministry of Health.
    • Smallpox posed a significant public health challenge in Brazil prior to the program's inception.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of the systematic vaccination program in eradicating smallpox in Brazil.
    • To assess the impact of vaccination on smallpox incidence and case-fatality rates.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic vaccination of over 75 million people.
    • Epidemiological investigation of 22 outbreaks, including cases and contacts.
    • Analysis of reported case data and case-fatality rates from 1956 onwards.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • An 80% decrease in reported smallpox cases in states completing the vaccination attack phase by June 1969.
    • A 99% increase in cases in other states, attributed to enhanced surveillance.
    • Vaccination efficacy was estimated at approximately 94% based on outbreak investigations.
    • Variola minor was confirmed as the predominant strain, with low case-fatality rates (0.5%-3.3%).

    Conclusions:

    • The systematic vaccination campaign was instrumental in reducing smallpox incidence in Brazil.
    • Smallpox vaccination demonstrated high efficacy in preventing disease transmission and outbreaks.
    • Improved surveillance and reporting are crucial for effective disease eradication efforts.