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American leishmaniasis.

P C Garnham

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1971
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    American leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease with diverse cutaneous forms and a uniform visceral type. Human infection prevalence is linked to animal reservoirs, with environmental changes potentially driving epidemics and spread in Latin America.

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    Area of Science:

    • Tropical medicine
    • Parasitology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Leishmaniasis presents diverse clinical forms in the New World.
    • The disease exhibits zoonotic characteristics in various developmental stages.
    • Understanding its epidemiology is crucial for public health interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss the origin and forms of leishmaniasis in the New World.
    • To describe the epidemiological patterns and prevalence of American leishmaniasis.
    • To highlight the role of animal reservoirs and environmental factors.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on leishmaniasis in the Americas.
    • Analysis of epidemiological data and geographical distribution.
    • Discussion of clinical presentations and disease types.

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    Main Results:

    • Nine geographical types of cutaneous leishmaniasis are recognized.
    • Visceral leishmaniasis is uniform across the Americas, resembling the Mediterranean type.
    • Human infection prevalence correlates with specific animal reservoirs.

    Conclusions:

    • American leishmaniasis is a zoonosis influenced by environmental disturbances.
    • Agricultural development and construction can trigger leishmaniasis epidemics.
    • Evidence suggests the disease is actively spreading throughout Latin America.