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Phlebotomid sandflies.

D J Lewis

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1971
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Sandflies (Phlebotomidae) transmit leishmaniasis globally. Their distribution, influenced by microhabitats, dictates disease patterns, with specific species of Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia acting as key vectors for both dermal and visceral forms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Entomology
    • Parasitology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Sandflies (family Phlebotomidae) are vectors of leishmaniasis.
    • Over 500 species exist, primarily in genera Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia, and Lutzomyia.
    • Sandfly distribution is crucial for understanding leishmaniasis epidemiology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize current knowledge on sandflies and their role in leishmaniasis transmission.
    • To outline the global distribution of key sandfly genera.
    • To identify known and suspected sandfly vectors of human leishmaniasis.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on sandfly taxonomy, distribution, and vector competence.
    • Analysis of geographical patterns of sandfly genera (Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia, Lutzomyia).

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  • Compilation of information on species implicated in transmitting dermal and visceral leishmaniasis.

    • Main Results:

    • Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia dominate the Old World, while Lutzomyia is prominent in the New World.
    • Specific Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia species transmit dermal leishmaniasis in palaearctic and neotropical regions.
    • Phlebotomus species transmit visceral leishmaniasis across the palaearctic region, Africa, and India; Lutzomyia transmits it in Brazil.

    Conclusions:

    • Sandfly distribution directly influences leishmaniasis occurrence.
    • Established criteria identify proved vectors, while man-biting species are probable vectors.
    • The distribution of sandflies and associated leishmaniasis is dynamic and changing.