Hypogandotropic hypogonadism with anosmia: the Kallmann syndrome

Five cases are presented and the literature reviewed concerning the association of anosmia or hyposmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallmann syndrome). Two of the five cases are sporadic and without associated anomalies, the third is associated with ichthyosis and epilepsy, the fourth has a sister with hypogonadism and cleft lip and palate while the fifth case also has Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism). It is concluded that "Kallmann syndrome" is present in a wide spectrum of disorders with different genetic etiologies.