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Pathological changes of xanthinurolithiasis in calves.

E Momotani, S Shoya, Y Nakajima

    National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Xanthine urolithiasis, a urinary stone condition, caused growth retardation and anorexia in Japanese Black calves. Pathological examination confirmed xanthine calculi in the renal tubules, indicating a significant health issue in this cattle breed.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Pathology
    • Animal Biochemistry
    • Nephrology

    Background:

    • Xanthine urolithiasis outbreaks have affected indigenous Japanese Black calves in Kyushu since 1971.
    • Affected calves exhibit retarded growth, curved backs, depression, and anorexia.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To perform pathological and biochemical examinations on calves affected by xanthine urolithiasis.
    • To identify the composition of urinary calculi and understand their impact on affected animals.

    Main Methods:

    • Pathological examination of affected male and female beef calves (3 months old).
    • Histological analysis of renal tissues to identify calculi and cellular reactions.
    • Biochemical analysis to determine the chemical composition of the calculi.

    Main Results:

    • Gross examination revealed yellowish, sand-grain-like calculi in the urinary passages.
    • Histology showed calculi (birefractive crystals) within renal collecting and distal tubules.
    • Epithelial cell syncytia formation and connective tissue proliferation were observed around calculi.
    • Biochemical analysis confirmed the calculi were composed of xanthine.

    Conclusions:

    • The study identified xanthine as the primary component of urinary calculi in affected Japanese Black calves.
    • Pathological findings indicate severe renal tubule damage due to xanthine urolithiasis.
    • This condition poses a significant health and economic challenge for Japanese Black cattle farming.

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