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Polychlorinated biphenyl: interaction with duck hepatitis virus.

M Friend, D O Trainer

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 18, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary

    Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) did not cause immediate illness in ducklings. However, PCB-exposed ducklings later showed increased mortality when infected with duck hepatitis virus.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Toxicology
    • Avian Virology
    • Immunotoxicology

    Background:

    • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants with known toxic effects.
    • Duck hepatitis virus (DHV) is a significant pathogen in young waterfowl.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the sub-clinical effects of PCB exposure on mallard ducklings.
    • To determine if prior PCB exposure influences susceptibility to duck hepatitis virus.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten-day-old mallard ducklings were administered PCBs (25, 50, 100 ppm) for 10 days.
    • Following a 5-day recovery period, ducklings were challenged with duck hepatitis virus.
    • Mortality rates were compared between PCB-exposed and control groups.

    Main Results:

    • No overt clinical signs of intoxication were observed in ducklings during PCB exposure.
    • Significantly higher mortality rates were recorded in ducklings previously exposed to PCBs when challenged with DHV.
    • This suggests an immunosuppressive effect of PCBs.

    Conclusions:

    • Sub-lethal PCB exposure can impair the immune response in young mallards.
    • PCBs may increase vulnerability to viral infections like duck hepatitis.
    • Environmental contaminants can have long-term health consequences for wildlife.

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