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Human auditory attention: a central or peripheral process?

T W Picton, S A Hillyard, R Galambos

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 23, 1971
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Attention enhances brain responses to sound but not to the auditory nerve. This study found no evidence of peripheral gating in humans during attention, suggesting attention

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Auditory Neuroscience
    • Human Auditory System

    Background:

    • The human auditory system processes sound through the cochlear nerve and cortical pathways.
    • Attention is known to modulate sensory processing, but the exact mechanisms, particularly peripheral versus central, remain debated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether attention modulates peripheral auditory processing in humans.
    • To determine if a peripheral gating mechanism operates in the human auditory nerve during attention.

    Main Methods:

    • Recorded click-evoked electrical responses from the human cochlear nerve via the external ear canal.
    • Simultaneously recorded cortical evoked potentials from the scalp.
    • Compared auditory nerve and cortical responses during a sound discrimination task with and without focused attention.

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    Main Results:

    • Cortical evoked potentials showed a significant enhancement when attention was directed to the clicks.
    • Electrical responses from the cochlear nerve showed no significant change with attention.
    • No evidence for peripheral gating in the human cochlear nerve was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Attention significantly enhances central auditory processing (cortical responses) in humans.
    • Attention does not appear to modulate peripheral auditory processing at the level of the cochlear nerve in humans.
    • The findings suggest that auditory gating mechanisms during attention in humans are likely central, not peripheral.