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Hydrogen sulfide poisoning.

R P Smith, R E Gosselin

    Journal of Occupational Medicine. : Official Publication of the Industrial Medical Association
    |February 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hydrogen sulfide poisoning, a growing occupational hazard, now has a potential antidote. Sodium nitrite, used to induce methemoglobinemia, shows protective and antidotal effects against sulfide poisoning in animal studies and human cases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Occupational Health
    • Emergency Medicine

    Background:

    • Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) poisoning is a long-recognized occupational hazard.
    • Increasing alternative energy development may elevate future H₂S poisoning incidence.
    • Historically, a specific antidote for sulfide poisoning was lacking.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare hydrogen sulfide poisoning with cyanide poisoning.
    • To investigate the efficacy of therapeutic methemoglobinemia induction as an antidote for sulfide poisoning.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of sulfide and cyanide poisoning mechanisms.
    • Evaluation of intravenous sodium nitrite for inducing methemoglobinemia in animal models.
    • Analysis of a human case treated with sodium nitrite.

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    Main Results:

    • Significant similarities were found between hydrogen sulfide and cyanide poisoning.
    • Sodium nitrite demonstrated protective and antidotal effects against sulfide poisoning in laboratory animals.
    • Successful application of sodium nitrite therapy in a severe human case of hydrogen sulfide poisoning was documented.

    Conclusions:

    • Therapeutic methemoglobinemia induction via sodium nitrite is a promising antidote for hydrogen sulfide poisoning.
    • Industries at risk should prepare for sodium nitrite administration alongside standard resuscitation.
    • Respiratory tract obstruction and cyanosis are noted in some H₂S poisoning victims, necessitating airway management and oxygen support.