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Human physiological response and adaption to ammonia.

W S Ferguson, W C Koch, L B Webster

    Journal of Occupational Medicine. : Official Publication of the Industrial Medical Association
    |May 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found that repeated exposure to industrial ammonia concentrations leads to inurement to irritation. Even continuous exposure to 100 ppm ammonia is well-tolerated with no observed health effects after acclimation.

    Area of Science:

    • Occupational Health
    • Toxicology
    • Industrial Hygiene

    Background:

    • Limited published data exists on physiological effects of industrial ammonia concentrations.
    • Lack of information regarding inurement to ammonia exposure in humans.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the physiological effects of repeated industrial ammonia exposure.
    • To determine if inurement to ammonia occurs after prolonged exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • Six unacclimated volunteers (male and female) were exposed to 25, 50, and 100 ppm ammonia for 6 hours/day over 6 weeks.
    • Medical surveillance and monitoring of biological indicators, physical examinations, and job performance were conducted.

    Main Results:

    • Inurement to eye, nose, and throat irritation developed within 2-3 weeks, alongside short-term subjective adaptation.

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  • No significant differences were observed between subjects and controls in biological indicators, physical exams, or job performance.
  • Continuous exposure to 100 ppm, with occasional 200 ppm excursions, was well-tolerated post-acclimation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Repeated industrial exposure to ammonia results in inurement to its irritant effects.
    • Acclimated individuals can tolerate 100 ppm ammonia continuously with no adverse health outcomes.