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Experimental toxoplasmosis in chimpanzees.

C C Draper, R Killick-Kindrick, W M Hutchison

    British Medical Journal
    |May 15, 1971
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study investigated Toxoplasma gondii infections in chimpanzees. One previously infected chimpanzee showed no symptoms, while a new infection in the second chimpanzee caused illness and detectable infectivity.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Parasitology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Primate Research

    Background:

    • Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasite with a complex life cycle.
    • Understanding transmission dynamics in intermediate hosts like chimpanzees is crucial for public health.
    • Previous infections can influence the host response to subsequent parasitic challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the clinical and parasitological outcomes of oral Toxoplasma gondii oocyst infection in chimpanzees.
    • To assess the infectivity of experimentally infected chimpanzees.
    • To explore the potential role of chimpanzees in the transmission cycle of Toxoplasma gondii.

    Main Methods:

    • Two chimpanzees were orally administered viable Toxoplasma gondii oocysts from infected cats.

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  • Serological testing (dye test) was performed before and after inoculation.
  • Clinical signs, oocyst shedding, and infectivity of biological samples (blood, lymph nodes, muscle) were monitored.
  • Infectivity was assessed by inoculating mice with chimpanzee samples.

    • Main Results:

    • The previously infected chimpanzee (positive dye test) showed no adverse effects or oocyst shedding.
    • The naive chimpanzee (negative dye test) developed a positive antibody response, clinical signs of illness, and infectivity in blood, lymph nodes, and muscle tissue.
    • No oocysts were detected in the feces of either chimpanzee during the six-week observation period.

    Conclusions:

    • Chimpanzees can serve as intermediate hosts for Toxoplasma gondii, exhibiting varying responses based on prior infection status.
    • Experimental infection demonstrated the potential for chimpanzees to harbor and transmit the parasite without shedding oocysts.
    • The findings contribute to understanding the epidemiology and transmission of toxoplasmosis in primates and humans.