Inflammatory potential of foreign particulates in parenteral drugs

Particulate and bacterial contamination of IV fluids and drugs have been implicated in venous thrombosis, infusion phlebitis, suppurative thrombophlebitis, pyrogenic reactions, and systemic sepsis. In a study of the inflammatory potential of the filterable residue of sodium cephalothin, we have found a tissue-specific reaction with venous endothelium but not with cutaneous or subcutaneous tissues. In a controlled animal model, removal of particulates from an infusion by use of a 0.45 micron in-line membrane filter reduces the incidence and severity of infusion phlebitis.