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Malignant catarrhal fever in bison.

G R Ruth, D E Reed, C A Daley

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |November 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Malignant catarrhal fever caused 100% mortality in American bison herds in South Dakota. This viral disease presented with severe clinical signs and widespread necrotizing vasculitis in affected animals.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Pathology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Wildlife Health

    Background:

    • Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a severe, often fatal, lymphoproliferative disease.
    • American bison (Bison bison) are susceptible to MCF, posing a threat to conservation efforts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document the diagnosis and pathological findings of malignant catarrhal fever in American bison.
    • To characterize the clinical and necropsy findings associated with MCF outbreaks in bison herds.

    Main Methods:

    • Diagnosis based on clinical signs, herd epidemiology, and post-mortem examinations.
    • Histopathological examination of tissues to identify characteristic lesions.

    Main Results:

    • MCF diagnosed in 3 American bison herds in South Dakota (1973-1976).

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  • Clinical signs included depression, oculonasal discharge, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and diarrhea.
  • Necropsy revealed ulcerative lesions in the alimentary tract, trachea, and bronchi.
  • Microscopic findings showed necrotizing vasculitis without thrombosis in multiple organs.
  • Conclusions:

    • MCF caused 100% mortality in affected bison herds.
    • The disease presents with severe gastrointestinal and respiratory lesions and systemic vasculitis.
    • MCF represents a significant disease risk for American bison populations.