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Related Experiment Videos

Induction, contrast, and resistance to extinction.

G S Reynolds

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |July 1, 1968
    PubMed
    Summary

    Behavioral contrast significantly impacts extinction resistance. Responding during extinction is more resistant when the alternative is reinforced, not reduced by faster response rate decreases, and increased by prior positive contrast.

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    On some causes of behavioral contrast.

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    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral Psychology
    • Operant Conditioning
    • Animal Behavior

    Background:

    • Understanding extinction resistance is crucial for behavior modification and understanding learning principles.
    • Multiple schedules of reinforcement, involving different schedules in alternating components, are used to study complex behavioral phenomena.
    • Behavioral contrast, where changes in one stimulus affect behavior to another, is a well-documented effect in operant conditioning.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the factors influencing the resistance to extinction of responding in one component of a multiple schedule.
    • To examine the role of reinforcement in the alternative component on extinction resistance.
    • To determine the effects of response rate changes and prior positive behavioral contrast on extinction resistance.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a multiple schedule of reinforcement with two alternating components.
    • One component involved variable-interval reinforcement, while the other was subjected to extinction.
    • Manipulated reinforcement in the second component and introduced conditions to induce positive behavioral contrast prior to extinction.

    Main Results:

    • Resistance to extinction was greater when the alternative component was reinforced on a variable-interval schedule compared to extinction.
    • A more rapid decrease in responding during extinction in the alternative component did not reduce extinction resistance.
    • The occurrence of positive behavioral contrast before extinction increased the resistance to extinction.

    Conclusions:

    • Reinforcement in an alternative component plays a significant role in maintaining responding during extinction.
    • The rate of response decrement during extinction is not the sole determinant of extinction resistance.
    • Behavioral contrast can modulate the persistence of behavior during extinction, highlighting the importance of stimulus context.

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