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Related Experiment Videos

Eectroencephalogram in "locked-in" syndrome.

O N Markand

    Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
    |May 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Electroencephalography (EEG) in locked-in syndrome patients shows normal or minimally slow activity with preserved alertness and reactivity. This EEG reactivity distinguishes locked-in syndrome from coma due to brain stem lesions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Neurophysiology

    Background:

    • Locked-in syndrome presents a diagnostic challenge due to preserved consciousness with profound motor impairment.
    • Distinguishing locked-in syndrome from coma is critical for patient management and prognosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review electroencephalography (EEG) findings in patients diagnosed with locked-in syndrome.
    • To identify EEG characteristics that differentiate locked-in syndrome from other states of unresponsiveness, particularly coma from brainstem lesions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of 23 electroencephalography (EEG) studies from eight patients with locked-in syndrome.
    • Analysis of EEG activity, including basic rhythms, reactivity to stimuli, and response to photic stimulation.

    Main Results:

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    • EEG was normal or minimally slow in most patients, with preserved reactivity to stimuli.
    • Photic driving response was observed in seven of seven attempted cases.
    • EEG findings in locked-in syndrome were contrasted with those in comatose patients with brainstem lesions.

    Conclusions:

    • Preserved alertness and EEG reactivity are key indicators differentiating locked-in syndrome from coma due to extensive brainstem lesions.
    • In unresponsive patients, EEG resembling a waking state can indicate brainstem insult or diffuse cortical damage.