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Related Experiment Videos

Positional nystagmus of the persistent type.

J Thomsen, K Zilstorff, N J Johnsen

    ORL; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Central positional nystagmus, a rare symptom found in 1% of patients, was primarily linked to intracranial tumors. This specific type of nystagmus was often observed with the head hanging down.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Ophthalmology
    • Oto-neurology

    Background:

    • Central positional nystagmus is a rare neurological symptom.
    • Oto-neurological examinations were conducted on 10,730 patients referred from neuromedical and neurosurgical departments between 1970-1975.
    • Persistent positional nystagmus was equated with central positional nystagmus due to the central origin of lesions in all cases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the prevalence of central positional nystagmus.
    • To identify the underlying causes and associated conditions of central positional nystagmus.
    • To characterize the diagnostic criteria and presentation of central positional nystagmus.

    Main Methods:

    • Oto-neurological examinations of 10,730 patients over a 6-year period.
    • Patients were examined in various positions: right and left side, supine, and with head hanging.
    • Central positional nystagmus was defined by specific characteristics: no latency, low/irregular frequency, nonfatiguable, and no associated dizziness.

    Main Results:

    • Central positional nystagmus was identified in only 124 patients (1% of the total).
    • The nystagmus was exclusively observed in the head-hanging position in 52 cases (42%).
    • Intracranial tumors were the dominant diagnosis (53 cases), particularly infratentorial tumors. Other diagnoses included vascular disease, encephalopathy, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Central positional nystagmus is a rare symptom, predominantly associated with intracranial tumors.
    • Head-hanging position is a critical diagnostic maneuver for identifying central positional nystagmus.
    • Intracranial tumors, especially infratentorial, are the leading cause, even in pediatric patients.

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