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Circulating immune complexes and C3d in human parasitosis.

P J Verroust, C Adam, M D Smith

    Kidney International
    |July 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Parasitic infections like schistosomiasis can elevate C3d complement levels, but not always through circulating immune complexes (IC). Further research is needed to understand complement activation in these diseases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Parasitology

    Background:

    • Parasitic infections, including schistosomiasis and filariasis, can trigger complex immune responses.
    • The role of complement activation and immune complexes (IC) in these diseases is not fully understood.
    • Elevated C3d levels may indicate complement system involvement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence of circulating immune complexes (IC) and C3d levels in patients with schistosomiasis, filariasis, and hydatidosis.
    • To explore the relationship between C3d levels, IC, and parasitic infections.
    • To understand the mechanisms of complement activation in parasitic diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Raji cell radioimmune assay was used to detect circulating immune complexes (IC).

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  • Immunoprecipitation was employed to measure C3d levels.
  • Complement levels and proteinuria were assessed in patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Low levels of circulating immune complexes (IC) were detected in a small percentage of patients with schistosomiasis and filariasis.
    • Elevated C3d levels were observed in a significant number of patients with schistosomiasis and filariasis.
    • Normal complement levels and absence of proteinuria were noted in the studied patients.
    • No circulating IC or elevated C3d levels were found in patients with hydatidosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Elevated C3d levels in parasitic infections may not be solely due to circulating immune complexes (IC).
    • Direct complement activation by parasite antigens or sequestered IC are potential mechanisms for increased C3d.
    • The findings suggest a complex interplay between parasitic antigens and the complement system, warranting further investigation into sequestered IC in schistosomiasis.