Common cardiac prosthetic valves. Radiologic identification and associated complications

The development of prosthetic heart valves has been an important advance in the treatment of patients with serious valvular cardiac disease. Because there are many types of prosthetic valves, we have prepared a diagram of the valves currently or previously used and list their potential complications. Prosthetic valves were identified according to photographic and radiologic features, valve replacement location, and reported associated complications. Data have been compiled in tabular form for quick reference; valves have been identified according to valve base, cage, and poppet. They may be categorized as caged-ball or low-profile valves. Such information helps to provide recognition of the valve that has been inserted and permits the clinician or radiologist to be alert to possible complications with the various prosthetic devices.