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[Carbohydrate absorption and malabsorption (author's transl)].

W F Caspary

    Leber, Magen, Darm
    |June 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Carbohydrate intolerance occurs due to missing brush border enzymes or nutrient transporters, leading to digestive issues. It can be primary (genetic) or secondary (due to intestinal damage), causing watery diarrhea.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Human Physiology
    • Biochemistry

    Context:

    • Carbohydrate digestion involves intraluminal starch breakdown by alpha-amylase and brush border enzymatic hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides.
    • Monosaccharide absorption occurs via specific carrier-mediated transport systems at the intestinal brush border.

    Purpose:

    • To explain the mechanisms of carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
    • To differentiate between primary and secondary carbohydrate intolerance.
    • To discuss the role of brush border enzymes and nutrient transporters in carbohydrate absorption.

    Summary:

    • Primary carbohydrate intolerance results from congenital or acquired deficiencies in brush border enzymes (e.g., lactase, sucrase) or monosaccharide transporters (e.g., glucose-galactose malabsorption), without intestinal mucosal abnormalities.

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  • Secondary carbohydrate intolerance arises from reduced digestion or absorption due to intestinal mucosal damage, such as villous atrophy (sprue) or reduced surface area (intestinal resection).
  • Watery diarrhea is a primary symptom of carbohydrate intolerance, and drug-induced interference with carbohydrate absorption can be an adverse effect or a therapeutic strategy.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding carbohydrate intolerance is crucial for diagnosing and managing digestive disorders.
    • This knowledge aids in identifying genetic predispositions and acquired conditions affecting nutrient absorption.
    • Insights into drug interactions with carbohydrate absorption can inform therapeutic choices and minimize side effects.